Florida’s history is written along its coastline, where old forts once guarded harbors and trade routes. Many have been preserved, allowing visitors to step inside the walls that once saw conflict and defense.
From Key West to the Panhandle, these historic sites reveal both military strategy and architectural strength. Exploring them today offers a glimpse into Florida’s layered past as well as some of its most scenic shorelines.
1. Fort Pickens in Gulf Islands National Seashore
Standing proudly on the western tip of Santa Rosa Island, Fort Pickens is a formidable presence. Constructed in 1834, this brick fortress was designed to protect Pensacola Bay.
Its strategic location played a crucial role during the Civil War, witnessing skirmishes between Union and Confederate forces. The fort’s architecture is a testament to military engineering, with its enormous bastions and thick walls.
2. Fort Clinch State Park in Fernandina Beach
Nestled at the northernmost point of Florida, Fort Clinch offers a serene escape into history. The fort’s construction began in 1847, but it was never fully completed.
Despite its incomplete status, it served as a military post during the Civil War and the Spanish-American War. Today, visitors can explore its vaulted brick rooms and walk along its ramparts.
3. Castillo de San Marcos in St. Augustine
The oldest masonry fort in the continental United States, Castillo de San Marcos stands guard over the historic city of St. Augustine. Built by the Spanish in 1672, it has withstood numerous sieges and changes in ownership.
Its unique coquina stone construction absorbs cannon fire rather than crumbling, making it a marvel of resilience. Visitors today can explore its storied past through reenactments and exhibits.
4. Fort Matanzas National Monument
A short boat ride from St. Augustine takes you to Fort Matanzas, a sentinel of the Spanish Empire. Built in 1742, this small but strategic fort defended the southern approach to St. Augustine. Its coquina stone tower offers panoramic views of the river and surrounding marshlands.
This monument provides insight into the Spanish colonial period and is an important reminder of Florida’s diverse history.
5. Fort Zachary Taylor Historic State Park in Key West
Located at the southernmost point of the continental U.S., Fort Zachary Taylor is a Civil War-era fortification. Completed in 1866, it played a significant role in the Union blockade of Confederate ships.
The fort’s impressive collection of Civil War cannons is a highlight for history buffs. Visitors can enjoy both the fort’s historical significance and the park’s beautiful beaches.
6. Fort Jefferson in Dry Tortugas National Park
Seventy miles off the coast of Key West lies Fort Jefferson, one of the largest masonry structures in the Americas. Built in the 19th century, it was intended to protect one of the most strategic deep-water anchorages in North America.
Despite its remote location, the fort’s sheer size and intricate design are awe-inspiring. Today, it’s a hub for snorkeling, birdwatching, and exploring its storied past.
7. Egmont Key State Park and Fort Dade
Egmont Key, situated at the mouth of Tampa Bay, is more than a wildlife refuge; it’s a historical treasure. Fort Dade, built during the Spanish-American War, once housed a bustling community.
Today, visitors can wander its brick roads and explore the remnants of military buildings. The island’s isolation and natural beauty make it a unique destination for history enthusiasts and nature lovers alike.
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